![]() With personalized medicine, 3D anatomical geometry can be extracted from these imaging technologies from which complex tissues can either be replicated, replaced, regenerated, or restored – tailor made. ģD printing as employed in tissue engineering digitization, has gained medical imaging technology advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound. AM is gaining utility in diverse applications such as water filtration and deslination, electronics, health, prototyping, small production runs, and many others. AM, which is operationalized from a computer-aided design (CAD), is time- and energy-efficient, and generates less waste compared to conventional and formative manufacturing processes. Īdditive manufacturing (AM), or more popularly known as 3D printing, has tremendously transformed the manufacturing industry since early reports in 1986. While these attempts need further improvement in mimicking complex tissue structures, challenges of cell differentiation in hierarchical locations or orientation have also been identified. Several groups have recently studied different architectures, materials, growth factors, cell types, and other supporting components to create functional constructs. Likewise, proper design towards cell proliferation, cell differentiation, vascularization, and sustainable growth should be implemented. Suitable architectural designs and materials capable of mimicking the properties of natural tissues must also be selected. For successful implants and proper tissue scaffold designs, a good understanding of the composition and organization of tissue scaffolds is desirable. Subsequently, it can be implanted into a human body to help regenerate or repair any damaged tissues. Particularly, by harvesting cells from a living organism (or other compatible sources), and seeding the cells onto a tissue scaffold (which becomes the cell-scaffold construct), the construct tends to become a functional construction after maturation. Not only can these procedures be done using basic understanding of the structural and functional relationships of natural and pathologic mammalian tissues, but the development of biosubstitutes can also be achieved. Hence, the data analysis of the results is expected to use for improving the performance at the material and manufacturing process of the product life cycle.Tissue engineering involves the use of materials engineering and life sciences concepts to regenerate, restore, replace, improve, and maintain tissues damaged by injury, disease, or congenital disabilities. The aggregation of GWP result in the stage of manufacturing process for input and output data contributed 47.6% and 32.5% respectively. All of the emissions contributed to GWP have been identified such as emissions to air, freshwater, seawater, and industrial soil. The environmental impact was assessed in the 3D gel-printing technology and it was obtained that the system shows the environmental impact of global warming potential (GWP). The analysis is based on the LCA Model through the application of GaBi software. Meanwhile, the 3D gel-printing technology was used as the manufacturing processes in the system boundary. Acrylamide (C3H5NO), citric acid (C6H8O7), N,N-Dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide (C8H16N2O), deionized water (H2O), and 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate (C5H8O3) was selected as the material resources. Therefore, this paper is aimed to propose the Model of life cycle assessment (LCA) for 3D bone tissue engineering scaffolds of 3D gel-printing technology and presented the analysis technique of LCA from cradle-to-gate for assessing the environmental impacts of carbon footprint. Through the generated 3D bone tissue engineering scaffolds from previous studies, the assessment to evaluate the environmental impact has shown less attention in research. According to modern tissue engineering technology, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology for bone tissue engineering provides a temporary basis for the creation of biological replacements. The bone tissue engineering scaffolds is one of the methods for repairing bone defects caused by various factors. ![]()
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